Coco coir, also called coco fiber, is extracted from the outer shell of a coco, which is a stiff, coarse natural fiber, flexible natural yarn that is extracted from the outer husk of the coco manually or through machines. White fibers and brown fibers are two common types of coco fibers extracted from matured coco shells. Coir has the highest concentration of lignin that makes it stronger, but less flexible compared to cotton and unsuitable for dyeing. Coco coir is considered as an eco-friendly product, which is suitable for hydroponic and horticultural applications, as it absorbs water. Surge in demand for eco-friendly products with lightweight properties coupled with expansion of the upholstery industry is driving growth of the global coconut coir market.
Coconut husk is the main by-product from which coir fibre is derived. Because it is utilised as a growth medium in horticulture, this extraction technique produces a huge amount of coir dust or coir pith, which has acquired substantial traction in the coco coir market. However, due to its greater carbon and nitrogen ratio and lesser biodegradability due to high lignin content, coir pith is still not regarded an appropriate carbon source for use in agriculture. Coir pith is composted in this way to lower the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, lower the lignin-to-cellulose concentration, and raise the manorial value. Coir pith composting lowers bulkiness and transforms plant nutrients to usable forms. As a result, the need for coir pith in horticultural farming is expanding. In addition, many benefits offered by using coco coir in agriculture such as high moisture content and balanced carbon to nitrogen ratio have boosted it demand, thereby augmenting the coco coir market growth. Most vegetables grow better in neutral conditions, and since coir is naturally neutral, there is no need for extra additives to even out the acidity.
Furthermore, coir aids in the drainage of agricultural beds. Because it degrades slowly yet retains moisture, it produces air pockets in the soil beneath the roots. This permits water to flow out from the plant's roots while yet retaining some moisture, preventing the soil from drying out completely. This works on a variety of beds, including those with a lot of clay and others with a lot of sand. As a result, all of the aforementioned reasons significantly contribute to the growth of the coco coir market. Furthermore, government attempts to promote horticulture-based vegetable and fruit growing drive the expansion of the coco coir market. Furthermore, many businesses have adopted the concept of cleaner production in order to meet the expectations of their customers. As a result, customer preferences for environmentally friendly products are playing an important part in the global market's expansion.
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